Society of the Third Infantry Division US Army – Italian Chapter no.16, on the Occasion of the Inauguration of the Memorial Dedicated to the 34th U.S. Infantry Division “Red Bull” at Monte Pantano.
Good morning to everyone present, and thank you for being here. When the friends of Combat Road asked me to contribute to this important ceremony with a short speech, my first thought was for all of you who are here today, on a Sunday, in the middle of summer, under a scorching heat. And the memories of many past researches brought me back to the story of a Czechoslovak writer and journalist. When his homeland was occupied, he joined the anti‑Nazi resistance, dedicating himself to the illegal publication of the magazine The Red Right and other anti‑Nazi material. He was arrested on April 24, 1942, in Prague by the Gestapo. Fučík had been ordered to take his own life to avoid capture; and although he had a pistol with him at the moment of his arrest, he did not use it. From prison he wrote Reportage Written Under the Gallows, later translated into many languages, including Italian. He was sentenced to death by hanging in 1943, and the sentence was carried out in the Plötzensee prison in Berlin.
Why Fučík? Because during the continuous torture he endured, he found the strength to write words that have reached us today. And when you hear them, you will understand why you are here. When I first read them, I felt unconsciously called upon—I was doing exactly what he, just days before being hanged, was asking of us.
“I ask only one thing of you: if you survive this era, do not forget. Do not forget either the good or the evil. Gather patiently the testimonies of those who have fallen for them and for you. One day, today will be the past, and people will speak of a great age and of the anonymous heroes who made history. I would like everyone to know that there are no anonymous heroes. They were people with faces, desires, and hopes, and the pain of the last among the last was no less than that of the first whose name will remain. I would like all of them to remain close to you, as people you have known, as members of your family, as yourselves.” Julius Fučík, September 8, 1943
Now you understand why you are here: you too have taken up this message, even though you did not know it until today. You had a desire, a mission—you felt it needed to be done. Fučík asked this of all those who would come after him, the day before he was hanged. For this reason, a few evenings ago I revised this speech, imagining you here today, and I added these words for all of you.
Eighty‑two days after Fučík’s death, something in Europe had changed: the Nazis were retreating on many fronts, including Italy. To achieve this, millions of men had gathered, forming a single army of many languages, religions, and races—united by one desire: to defeat the tyranny of Nazi‑fascism. They had landed in Africa, then in Sicily and Salerno, until they reached this place, along the German‑built Bernhardt defensive line meant to slow their advance.
It was dawn on November 29, 1943, and as Julius Fučík wrote:
“Anonymous heroes created history.”
Captain Benjamin J. Butler was informed that the 1st Battalion of the 168th Infantry Regiment, 34th U.S. Infantry Division “Red Bull,” would be the first to move and seize Monte Pantano. He did what he had done many times before: he took his helmet, his pack, checked his haversack and ammunition, and with his men began climbing the ridges above Filignano. They had landed in Africa, then in Italy, and that climb seemed just another one.
The slopes were steep, rocky, covered with brush. At times the valley floor was visible; at times the trees blocked every view. Up there, the 2nd Battalion of the 577th German Grenadiers awaited them. But they did not know that. They only knew the enemy was ahead. They captured the first hill and part of the second. Dawn had just passed, adrenaline was fading, and some men removed their packs to rest for a moment. It was then that the Germans opened fire from the other two hills of the plateau—especially from the third—with mortars and artillery. The terrain was a labyrinth of ravines, natural shelters, hidden positions, and minefields. The enemy was entrenched, invisible, and precise. There was no safe place. The Germans counterattacked on Hill 2, breaking through the flank of Company A. Butler organized a counterattack—hand‑to‑hand, with bayonets. They pushed them back.
For that action Butler received the Distinguished Service Cross, one of the highest American decorations. Before leaving the hill he was also awarded the Silver Star. That day he was wounded three times and received three Purple Hearts—the medal for wounds received in action—and perhaps imagined showing all five of them one day to his grandchildren on the porch of his home in Kentucky.
The German attacks continued for five days. Company B repelled them seven times, fighting with hand grenades along the entire perimeter. When ammunition ran out, the American soldiers threw stones, empty ration cans, branches, logs. Resupply was nearly impossible: mules could climb only part of the way. For two days they drank only rainwater. Evacuating a wounded man could take up to six hours under mortar fire, which had been calibrated to strike every road and path simultaneously for several meters, destroying entire platoons climbing up or medics descending with the wounded. Many died along the trail. The battalion surgeon operated on the front line, in the first‑aid tent. You will find one set up at the museum.
To everyone it felt as if they had attacked the devil’s own house and stood at the gates of hell. And yet the 1st Battalion held for five days, until it was relieved. For its courage, the 168th received the Presidential Unit Citation: a blue ribbon edged in gold, worn on the right side of the uniform. From that day on, anyone who saw that ribbon would know that this regiment had once had its moment of greatest courage and greatest glory.
On December 1, it was the 3rd Battalion’s turn to move toward Hill 2 and the village of Pantano, full of booby traps and S‑mines—the ones that shredded the lower limbs of soldiers. Major Floyd E. Sparks climbed to assume command of the 1st Battalion: up there, all senior officers had been killed. The telephone lines had to be restored. Sergeant Edward G. Jones, 23, from Pennsylvania, volunteered. He almost reached the 1st Battalion but was killed by German fire. Today he rests at Birmingham Cemetery in Pennsylvania.
The situation collapsed: Company M was out of ammunition, the Germans pressed on the right flank. At 13:30 the Americans were exposed. On Hill 1, Corporal Zannie M. Reynolds began firing everything he could find and throwing grenades, inspiring his comrades. Companies G and I held. Company F was nearly annihilated. To save what remained of the battalion, 370 chemical mortar rounds were required—75 minutes of continuous fire. The Germans retook Hill 2 and halted their attack at 18:30.
On December 4, the 135th Infantry relieved the 168th. In six days the 168th had lost all battalion commanders, 33 officers, and 386 men killed or wounded. They had fired 6,800 mortar rounds, 3,000 hand grenades, 7,500 75‑mm shells, and 400,000 rifle and machine‑gun rounds. And yet only one hill of Monte Pantano was in their hands.
We do not know whether Reynolds met Butler while descending the mountain. If they did, both would have gone to receive their Silver Star.
The photographer Robert Capa, perhaps the greatest war photographer of the Second World War, climbed that hill after the battle and wrote:
“Every five meters there was a hole with at least one dead soldier inside. Around them, a great quantity of completely soaked equipment, empty ration cans, and faded fragments of letters from home… The dried blood had the color of rust and blended with the yellowed autumn leaves…”
Searching for information on Reynolds is nearly impossible. He is one of the many who disappeared among the papers of history. And yet he crossed North Africa, landed at Salerno and Anzio, climbed Italy to Milan—contributing to the dream of our grandparents: to regain freedom and a future for a nation. He was fortunate: he returned home and lived until May 7, 1979, in Salem City, Virginia. Today he rests at Huffman Memorial Park in New Castle. Many of his brothers‑in‑arms remained here, buried under white crosses in Nettuno or lost on this very hill.
Two years ago, for the 80th anniversary of the Liberation of Alvignano, I wrote that it would be a dream to see a street dedicated to one of these heroes. That dream not only came true—it exceeded every expectation. Those who come to discover these places of incomparable beauty and walk these mountain paths will encounter this square, see this white boulder, and learn their story and the sacrifices those young men made to free us from slavery and give us the chance to live again as free human beings.
“Gather patiently the testimonies of those who have fallen for them and for you,” wrote Fučík before dying. This is what the young men of Combat Road have done by taking up that message. I thank them all, and we are honored to have them among the ranks of the Association of the U.S. Army 3rd Infantry Division. Their ideals and dreams become concrete actions, and I believe that today you have made many young men—who ended their short lives here—happy, as they watch you from above.
This great stone remembers them today and will remember them forever. It is a heavy boulder pressing into the earth, symbolizing the strength of a united body of men crushing tyranny together… and on it is written: “Don’t forget.”
A soldier who returned home once wrote these words, after living through many battles like Monte Pantano:
“It’s true… We have thought so much about death that we have forgotten about life. And now, suddenly, life stands before us. I swear to myself that I will look life in the face, that I will measure myself against it… And in the end, yes, in the end, like countless others, I too will learn to live.” Audie Murphy, the most decorated soldier of the Second World War
Thank you for listening. I thank the local institutions for believing in this project, the military associations, all those present today, and especially all those on duty to ensure the success of this event. And I salute you with the motto of our U.S. Army Infantry Division, dedicated to a rock:
Rock of the Marne!
Honors to the 34th U.S. Infantry Division “Red Bull.”









